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Why cleaning of data centers is important?

Majority of business owners spent a good investment protecting access to this information inside data center, making sure that all their firewall’s protection software are up-to-date and that hackers trying to penetrate their systems are surely kept far away behind the protected walls.

You have to keep in mind if anything happened that destroyed this important data, what would be the business affect onwards, what will be business reputation affect after all the efforts to build it?

These possible dangers are much more obvious than the one that can cause the greatest damage

Contaminants, dust and other factors in your data center can create the most feared threats to your hardware. if these factors not been eliminated from your data center, the entire place will be operated at high risk

Cause of failure inside data centers

Circuit bords quality can be affected by environmental factors. Circuit bords constantly exposed to moisture, dust, heat and cold can experience failure. For example, temperature changes can make elements in the circuit bords contract or expand, which could damage or warp the soldering joints and boards.

Extra dust around the circuit bords can gradually build up, eventually clogging the board. This clogging can cause the circuit board to overheat and require electronic repairs. Additionally, excess moisture can cause corrosion, rust and oxidation, harming the Circuit bords

Dust may also be conductive. Insulating dust is more of a problem because it is electrostatically charged and so sticks to electronic components. This effectively thermally insulates them so they fail from overheating, regardless of the actual temperature of the data center.

Do Insects also conduct electricity?

Yes. The pheromones summon additional ants who may also become electrocuted, and the area can quickly become so overwhelmed with dead ants that they cause a short circuit. Other bugs, like cockroaches and bedbugs, are drawn to outlets and electronics because they like spaces that are tight, dark and warm

Electronics provide the perfect environment for them to gather around. Whether it's a hefty power supply plugged into an outlet, a game console, an internet router, or even refrigerator motors, the electronic device or appliance can become infested with roaches, feces, and eggs

“Tin” or “zinc” whiskers and “white rust”

Tin or Zinc whiskers are minute electrically conductive pure - metal crystalline structures that grow on components and products having electroplated tin as a surface finish. Zinc whiskers can grow in abundance within data centers, causing bridging and shorting between electrical conductors and component terminations. While zinc whiskers remain attached to their source i.e. floor panels, pedestals, etc they are basically dormant, however when the whiskers are disturbed and dislodged they become airborne and circulate freely throughout the environment. Disturbance is likely to be caused by routine maintenance activities in the Data Centre, including for example, lifting, sliding, reinstalling of access floor tiles or overhead trays and installing of network cables.

Once inside IT equipment, zinc whiskers as electrically conductive structures, can cause various electrical failures, ranging from intermittent to permanent short circuits. Zinc whiskers can also become a physical impediment to moving parts or obscure optical surfaces and sensors within some equipment

 

White rust

Atmospheric moisture contains a small amount of contaminates (salt or minerals) and zinc will react quickly with it to form zinc hydroxide, a chalky white and relatively unstable oxide of zinc. Where freshly galvanized steel is exposed to this type of moisture (rain, dew, condensation) in oxygen deficient environment, the moisture will continue to react with the zinc and aggressively consume the coating.

 

The most common condition in which white rust occurs is with galvanized products that are nested together, tightly packed, or when water can penetrate between the items and remain for extended periods such as construction sites where materials are stored outside through poor weather conditions. White rust can cause particulate contamination of the data center as a result of the white chalky matter becoming loose and airborne within the facility.

Source: DCA Data Centre Anti-Contamination Guide V1.3

 

 

Type of Data Center Cleaning

 

What Type of Cleaning Liquid to Be Used When Doing Technical Cleaning Inside Data Centers?

When cleaning a data center, it's essential to use cleaning liquids that are safe for sensitive electronic equipment, non-conductive, and non-corrosive. These cleaning solutions must not leave residues or generate static electricity. Below is a detailed guide to selecting suitable cleaning liquids for a data center:

1- Anti-Static Cleaning Liquids: Minimize the risk of electrostatic discharge (ESD) while cleaning surfaces.

   Examples:

  • A- Anti-static cleaning sprays specifically designed for electronics and cleanrooms.

  • B- Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) mixed with water in appropriate concentrations (e.g., 70% IPA, 30% water).

  • Usage: Clean exterior surfaces of servers, racks, and equipment housing.

  •  

  • 2- pH-Neutral Cleaners: Used for cleaning floors, walls, and other structural elements of the data center.

  •  

     Examples: Mild detergents or commercial pH-neutral floor cleaners designed for use in clean environments.

      Usage: Ideal for raised flooring systems or tiles. Use sparingly to avoid introducing excess moisture.

 

What to Avoid

  1. Ammonia-Based Cleaners: Can damage sensitive surfaces and leave residue.

  2. Abrasive Cleaners: May scratch or damage delicate finishes.

  3. High-Moisture Liquids: Risk of introducing moisture to electrical components.

  4. Non-ESD-Safe Cleaners: Can generate static and pose a risk to hardware.

  5. Oil-Based Cleaners: Leave residues that attract dust and dirt.

 

Best Practices for Cleaning Liquids in Data Centers

  1. Use Minimal Liquid: Always apply the cleaning solution to a cloth or wipe rather than directly to equipment.

  2. Use Lint-Free, Anti-Static Wipes: Prevent the introduction of fibers or static.

  3. Test in an Inconspicuous Area: Before using a cleaner on a large surface, test it on a small area to ensure compatibility.

  4. Ensure Proper Ventilation: Prevent chemical vapors from building up in the environment.

  5. Avoid Excess Moisture: Liquids should not seep into equipment or components.

 

Can Normal Janitors Do a Cleaning Inside Data Center?

 

     No, normal janitors are not suitable for cleaning inside a data center unless they are specifically trained and certified for this specialized task. Cleaning a data center requires highly specialized knowledge, skills, and equipment to ensure the sensitive environment is protected from contamination and damage. Here's why:

 

1- Requirements for Cleaning a Data Center:

A- Understanding of Sensitive Environments

  • Data centers house critical IT infrastructure, and even small particles can cause severe hardware failures or operational disruptions.

  • Cleaning personnel must understand how to minimize dust, static electricity, and other contaminants.

B- Knowledge of Contamination Risks

  • Improper cleaning techniques can release particles, liquids, or static electricity, causing damage to equipment.

  • Specialized cleaners are trained to work with cleanroom standards like ISO 14644 and handle contamination-sensitive environments.

C- Anti-Static Awareness

  • Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a significant risk in data centers, and cleaning personnel must use anti-static tools and wear ESD-safe clothing.

 

2- Recommended Personnel for Data Center Cleaning:

A- Trained Cleanroom Technicians

  • These professionals are specifically trained in cleaning contamination-controlled environments like data centers.

  • They are knowledgeable about cleanroom protocols and ISO standards.

B- Certified Data Center Cleaning Teams

  • Many specialized companies offer cleaning services for data centers and employ certified professionals.

  • These teams use specialized tools such as HEPA-filtered vacuums and non-conductive cleaning agents.

 

3- Tools and Techniques They Use

  • HEPA-Filtered Vacuums: To remove dust and particles effectively.

  • Anti-Static Cleaning Solutions: Prevent damage from static buildup.

  • Lint-Free Wipes and Mops: Reduce contamination risks.

  • Sticky Mats: Minimize dirt ingress from outside areas.

  • ESD-Safe Apparel: Includes gloves, shoes, and clothing to prevent electrostatic discharge.

 

 Why Normal Janitors Are Not Suitable:

  • Lack of training in handling sensitive equipment and cleanroom protocols.

  • Unawareness of ESD risks, which can result in hardware damage.

  • Use of inappropriate cleaning agents that may be conductive or leave residues.

  • Improper tools like regular vacuums or cloths that generate static or release particles.

 

Recommendations:

  • Employ a specialized cleaning company with data center cleaning expertise.

  • If using in-house staff, ensure they are trained and certified for cleanroom or data center cleaning procedures.

  • Create and follow a standard operating procedure (SOP) tailored to the specific needs of the data center.

 

What to Wear When Doing Technical Cleaning Inside Data Centers?

 

The clothing worn while cleaning inside a data center is critical to maintaining a clean, static-free, and safe environment. The goal is to minimize contamination and the risk of electrostatic discharge (ESD) that could damage sensitive equipment. Below is a guide to the best clothing and accessories for this purpose:

 

  1. 1- Anti-Static Clothing: To prevent the buildup and transfer of static electricity and reduces ESD risk and provides full body coverage to contain particles from clothing, you can use one of the below options:

 

  • Anti-static coveralls or smocks made from conductive fibers.
  • Long-sleeved garments with ESD-safe materials to minimize skin contact with surfaces.
  • Anti-static lab coats for light cleaning tasks.

 

  1. 2- Lint-Free Fabrics: Minimize the shedding of fibers and particles that could contaminate the environment.

 

  1. 3- Hair and Face Covers: To prevent contamination from hair or skin particles.

 

  1. 4- Gloves: Prevent the transfer of oils, dirt, or static electricity from hands to equipment.
  2. You can use ESD-safe gloves made from nitrile, latex, conductive fibers or Powder-free gloves to prevent residue and protect both the equipment and the cleaner’s skin.

 

  1. 5-  Anti-Static Wrist Strap: Keeps the person grounded while working near sensitive electronics by:

 

  • Attaching the strap to a grounded point in the room.
  • Ensure proper contact with the skin for effective grounding.
  • This practice is recommended when cleaning inside IT Racks.

 

Key considerations in this process:

  1. Avoid Regular Clothing: Cotton, wool, or synthetic fabrics can generate static and shed fibers.
  2. Ensure Cleanliness: All garments should be free of dust and contaminants before entering the data center.
  3. Grounding: Footwear and wrist straps must connect to the grounding system of the facility.
  4. Comfort and Mobility: Choose clothing that allows for easy movement during cleaning tasks.

 

 

Should the Cleaning Team Clean the Power Panels or Any Other High Voltage Electronic Cabinets When Doing Cleaning Task Inside Data Centers?

 

No, the cleaning team should not clean power panels or high-voltage electronic cabinets inside a data center. Cleaning these components requires specialized expertise beyond routine cleaning tasks and involves significant safety and operational risks.

 

Reasons Cleaning Teams Should Avoid High-Voltage Equipment

  1. Risk of Electrical Hazards: Power panels and high-voltage cabinets carry live electrical currents that pose a risk of electric shock, arc flash, or other hazards, cleaning near such equipment without proper precautions can lead to accidents or injuries.
  2. Potential for Equipment Damage: Cleaning agents, moisture, or improper handling can damage sensitive electronic components, causing operational disruptions, Moreover, dusting or wiping high-voltage equipment might dislodge connections or introduce contaminants.
  3. Specialized Expertise Required: Maintenance and cleaning of power panels or electronic cabinets should only be performed by qualified electricians or personnel certified to handle such equipment.

     These professionals have the necessary tools and training to work safely around high-voltage systems.

 

  1. Compliance with Standards and Protocols: According to Industry standards like NFPA 70E (Electrical Safety in the Workplace) and other safety guidelines prohibit untrained personnel from accessing or working near high-voltage equipment.

      Makie sure that cleaning tasks to be aligned with these safety standards to avoid liability issues.

 

What the Cleaning Team Can Do Instead?

A-  Surface Cleaning Around the Equipment

  • Clean external areas like floors and walls near power panels without touching the equipment itself.
  • Use anti-static and non-conductive tools to avoid risks.

 

  1. B- Coordinate with Facility Management: Work with the data center facility team to schedule a maintenance or inspection session for the power panels.

     If cleaning is necessary, the facility team can engage a qualified technician or electrician to handle it.

 

Who Should Handle Power Panel Cleaning?

    1. 1- Qualified Electricians: Licensed electricians trained to work with high-voltage equipment should handle cleaning and maintenance of power panels and cabinets.

      They can de-energize the equipment, clean it safely, and re-energize it after the task.

 

    1. 2- Specialized Service Providers: Companies offering power infrastructure maintenance can provide safe cleaning services for high-voltage cabinets.

     These providers are equipped with the proper tools and procedures for the task.

 

Recommended Practices

  1. Do Not Allow General Cleaning Teams to touch or attempt to clean high-voltage equipment.
  2. Clearly Mark Restricted Areas: Identify and mark areas with high-voltage equipment as "No Cleaning" zones for non-qualified personnel.
  3. Collaborate with Experts: Partner with electrical maintenance teams or contractors for cleaning or inspecting high-voltage areas.

 

ISO 14644: Cleanroom Standards

The ISO 14644 standard is a globally recognized set of guidelines for the design, classification, and operation of cleanrooms and controlled environments. It is developed and maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and is widely used across industries requiring strict contamination control, including pharmaceuticals, electronics, biotechnology, and now increasingly in data centers.

 

Why ISO 14644 is Relevant to Data Centers

Data Reliability: Dust and particulate matter can lead to hardware failures and reduced lifespan of equipment.

Cooling Efficiency: Clean air improves HVAC system performance and prevents airflow obstructions.

Regulatory and Client Confidence: Achieving ISO 14644 certification demonstrates commitment to high-quality standards, appealing to clients and regulators.

 

ISO14644 classes

Recommended class for Data Centers: Class 8

How frequent do data centers needs to be cleaned in a year?

Overall cleaning any data center, it is recommended to have a full deep cleaning once a year and 2 – 3 maintenance cleaning (once each quarter)

 

Maximum Alloable Particles Per Meter in Each Class

The Recommended Class for Data Centers is: Class 8

 

What Does µm Mean?

The term µm stands for micrometer, which is a unit of length in the metric system. It is equivalent to one-millionth of a meter or one-thousandth of a millimeter:

1 Micrometer (µm) = 0.000001 meters (10⁻⁶ m)

Applications of Micrometer (µm):

Science and Engineering: Used to measure microscopic objects like cells, bacteria, or other minute structures.

Cleanroom Standards: Air cleanliness is often measured in micrometers, referring to the size of particles (e.g., ISO 14644 standards for data centers).

Manufacturing: Precision tools and components are often measured in micrometers to ensure exact specifications.

Medical Field: Used to describe dimensions of microscopic organisms, medical implants, or fine surgical tools.

 

What is the number of samples locations calculations readings for iso14644?

 

The number of sample locations required to verify compliance with ISO 14644-1 (Air Cleanliness Classification by Particle Concentration) is determined by the size of the cleanroom or controlled area. ISO 14644 specifies a formula and provides tables to calculate the number of sampling locations based on the room’s area.

 

Calculation for the Number of Sample Locations

 

The number of sample locations is calculated using the formula:

𝑁𝐿=27× (𝐴 𝑚² ÷ 1000)

 

Where:

  • NL = Number of sample locations (rounded up to the next whole number).
  • A = Area of the cleanroom or zone in square meters (m²).

 

Simplified Table of Sample Locations

Below is a quick reference for typical cleanroom sizes:

 

 

Room Area (m²)

Minimum Sample Locations

2

2

4

2

10

3

20

5

50

8

100

10

500

23

1000

32

Larger than 1000 𝑚²

Use the above formula

 

 

Sampling Procedure

 

A- Particle Measurement:

# Measure particle concentration at each sampling location for the required particle sizes (e.g., 0.1 µm, 0.5 µm).

# Use particle counters that comply with ISO 21501-4 standards.

 

B- Duration of Sampling:

# The volume of air sampled at each location must be sufficient to detect the required number of particles based on the cleanroom classification.

 

C- Uniform Distribution:

# Sampling points should be evenly distributed across the room, avoiding clustered locations unless local contamination sources are expected.

 

Which Particle Counter device to use for taking the sampling record at data center?

 

When selecting a particle counter device for taking sampling records in a data center to comply with ISO 14644-1 standards, it is crucial to use a device that meets specific performance requirements. Below are the key considerations and recommended particle counters for data centers.

 

Key Features to Look For in a Particle Counter for Data Centers

 

  1. Compliance with ISO 21501-4:

# The device should comply with ISO 21501-4 to ensure accuracy, repeatability, and calibration.

# ISO 21501-4 is the standard for particle counter calibration and performance, ensuring reliable data.

 

  1. Detection Range:

# Particle sizes must be measurable for 0.3 µm (microns) and larger, as these are critical thresholds for ISO 14644-1 compliance in data centers.

# Particle sizes of 0.5 µm and 1.0 µm are commonly monitored in cleanroom and IT environments.

 

  1. Portability:

# Use a handheld or portable particle counter for flexibility when moving between sampling locations in a data center.

 

  1. Airflow Rate:

# A minimum 1 CFM (Cubic Foot per Minute) flow rate is recommended for efficient air sampling. Higher flow rates can reduce sampling time.

 

  1. Data Logging and Reporting:

# Ensure the device can store data and generate reports for audits and compliance purposes.

 

  1. Multiple Particle Channels:

# A good particle counter should measure multiple particle sizes (e.g., 0.3 µm, 0.5 µm, 1.0 µm, 5.0 µm) simultaneously.

 

When To Take the Reading of ISO 14644 for Cleaned Data Center?

 

When conducting ISO 14644 particle measurements for a cleaned data center, the readings shall be taken at specific times and under certain conditions to ensure accurate and compliant results. Here’s a breakdown of the appropriate timing:

 

1- After Cleaning and Stabilization: Immediately after the data center has been thoroughly cleaned and sufficient time has passed for the airflow and HVAC systems to stabilize.

Why: The cleaning process can stir up particles in the air.

Stabilization time allows the particles to settle or be removed by the air filtration system (such as HEPA filters).

This ensures the reading represents the actual cleanliness of the environment under controlled conditions.

Stabilization Time: 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the airflow system efficiency and room size.

 

2- During “At-Rest” Condition:  It refers to when the data center is cleaned, equipment is installed, but no personnel or operations are taking place.

Once the environment is stabilized and no activity is happening (no technicians or staff present).

Why: This condition helps determine the baseline cleanliness level of the data center without external contamination from people or equipment operation.

 

3- During “Operational” Condition: It refers to when the data center is fully functional, with equipment running and personnel performing routine tasks.

Why: Provides insights into cleanliness during normal operating conditions, which is useful for monitoring ongoing compliance.

Why Using HEPA Filtered Vacuum at Data Center?

 

Using a HEPA-filtered vacuum machine is a best practice for data centers, ensuring a clean, safe, and efficient operating environment. It protects critical IT infrastructure, reduces the risk of contamination-related failures, and enhances overall performance and reliability.

 

HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters can capture 99.97% of airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns (µm).

This ensures the removal of dust, dirt, and other contaminants that can settle on servers, cooling systems, and other sensitive equipment.

Standard vacuums may recirculate fine particles back into the air, but HEPA-filtered vacuums trap them.

 

 

 

What is ESD Cleaning in Data Centers?

 

ESD Cleaning in a data center refers to the process of cleaning the environment and equipment while mitigating the risk of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). ESD occurs when an electrical charge builds up and discharges between objects, potentially causing damage to sensitive electronic components in data centers, such as servers, switches, and storage devices.

 

Using the above ESD Hand Strap is Ideal for cleaning IT Racks inside Data Center

 

What is Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)?

 

ESD is the sudden transfer of electrical charge between two objects with different electrical potentials.

It can happen when materials (e.g., carpets, plastics, or humans) build up static electricity and discharge it upon contact with electronic equipment.

Even a small discharge (as low as 100 volts) can damage or degrade sensitive IT equipment, often without visible signs.

 

 

Steps for ESD-Safe Cleaning in Data Centers:

 

  1. Preparation:
  • Verify the use of ESD-safe tools, cleaning products, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
  • Technicians ground themselves using wrist/heel straps.

 

  1. Surface Cleaning:
  • Use ESD-safe wipes or mops to clean surfaces like server racks, floors, and cabinets.
  • Avoid vigorous wiping, which could create static.

 

  1. Airborne Particle Control:
  • Use HEPA-filtered vacuums with ESD-safe housings to remove dust from equipment and subfloor areas.
  • Avoid using non-HEPA vacuums, as they recirculate fine particles.

 

  1. Equipment Cleaning:
  • Clean around hardware without direct contact unless equipment is powered down.
  • Use anti-static brushes for hard-to-reach areas.

 

Contamination Control Sticky Mats

 

Using contamination control sticky mats in a data center provides a simple and effective method for reducing particulate contamination, protecting sensitive equipment, and maintaining cleanliness standards. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the benefits:

 

1- Prevents Contaminants from Entering the Data Center

- Sticky mats trap dirt, dust, and other particulates from the soles of shoes, wheels of carts, and other objects entering the data center.

- By placing them at entry points, they serve as the first line of defense against contamination.

2- Maintains Air Quality and Cleanliness Standards

- Reducing the number of particulates introduced into the environment helps maintain compliance with ISO 14644 cleanliness standards.

- This is particularly important for maintaining the "At-Rest" and "Operational" cleanliness levels of a data center.

3- Protects Sensitive Equipment

Dust and particulates can:

  - Settle on server fans and cooling systems, leading to overheating.

  - Damage delicate electronic components through abrasion or by acting as a carrier for moisture and corrosive elements.

   - Sticky mats minimize the risk of these contaminants reaching sensitive equipment.

4- Reduces Maintenance Costs

- Cleaner environments mean:

- Less frequent cleaning of floors, equipment, and HVAC systems.

- Reduced wear and tear on cooling and filtration systems.

- This results in lower maintenance costs and longer equipment lifespans.

5- Enhances ESD Control

- Many sticky mats are anti-static or ESD-safe, helping to reduce electrostatic discharge risks while also controlling contamination.

- This is particularly important in environments where ESD can cause critical damage to hardware.

6- Easy to Use and Replace

- Sticky mats are a cost-effective and low-maintenance solution.

- Each layer can be peeled off and discarded once it becomes saturated with debris, ensuring consistent performance.

7- Improves Compliance with Standards and Protocols

- Using sticky mats demonstrates adherence to best practices for contamination control, which is often required during audits or certifications for data centers.

 

Where to Place Sticky Mats in a Data Center

1- Entry Points: At all doors leading into the data center to capture contaminants from shoes and wheels.

2- Transition Areas: Between spaces with different cleanliness levels, such as outside a raised floor area.

3- High-Traffic Zones: Near areas where personnel or equipment frequently enter or exit.

 

Best Practices for Using Sticky Mats

A- Replace Frequently: Change layers when visibly dirty to maintain effectiveness.

B- Use Proper Sizes: Ensure the mat covers enough area to capture contaminants effectively.

C- Combine with Other Measures: Use alongside anti-static flooring, HEPA filtration, and regular cleaning for comprehensive contamination control.

 

More about Data Center Cleaning Articles to Come Soon, Contact me if you need clarification

 

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